Technology

Architecture

Google Inc. operates world-wide a set of computing centres, which contain in each case complete functionality of the search machine. A user inquiry becomes, by which Domain Name System (which name such as google.com into IP addresses translates) steered, ideally to the net-topologically next computing centre - only sometimes identically to the geographically nearest - led and of this answers. If a computing centre precipitates completely, the remaining computing centres can take over the load.

Each computing centre consists of a computer cluster. The used computers are IBM-compatible personal computers, consist thus of inexpensive standard components. One uses a distributed architecture, with which all data are several times redundantly stored on different devices. If one failed computer or only one non removable disk of a computer, the appropriate data of another place in the cluster are umkopiert on a spare computer and the failed hardware component can be exchanged during operation, without losses develop. The overall system is also easily scalable, since as required ever further computers and non removable disks can be added.

By file of the individual data structures (indices, document copies, listings of all kinds) on different computers and inquiries can the large number of available single computers be answered also relatively fast, since the items of information are parallel read. A period of reply of at the most a half second is aimed at as appoximate value. The fast supply of results had contributed also promptly to the popularity of Google. The competition often left itself with the inquiry answer more time. In particular with incremental inquiries, thus always far refined inquiries of the user, who considers the previous in each case search result, saving of time are altogether clearly noticeable.

Software

As operating system a abgespeckte variant of the Linux distribution talks used. The programming languages C, C++ and Python play essential roles with the implementation of the prop. guessing eras search machine software.

Hardware

Like an estimation on basis of the documents to the stock exchange course (IPO) from April 2004 the hardware equipment looks about as follows with Google:

• 719 racks
• 63,272 computers
• 126,544 CCUs
• 253 Terahertz spare clock frequency
• 127 Terabyte RAM
• 5 Petabyte fixed disks

Side sequence

The number documents of fitting a retrieval query can fail difficult to understand largely, here requires it thus an assortment of these hits after their relevance, in order to indicate to the inquiring if possible the most important documents at the very front. The estimation of the usefulness of the sources regarding the inquiry is one of the crucial criteria, on which search machines are based. Due to the abundance that information for this which can be used is raised the underlying Ranking occasionally automated by an algorithm, this must have to be managed in an appropriate time frame, in order to ensure the topicality of the Rankings.

Google uses the so-called PAGE climbing value for the assortment of the search results among other things. One determines PAGE-climb a document recursively on the basis of references to this document. The more such references exist and the more highly those let us PAGE-climb on that referring documents is, the more highly precipitates according to the value of the document, to which one refers. The respective value of the PageRanks of a side can be determined on the basis the Browser Plugins Google Toolbar. However is into the Toolbar indicated value usually some months old and stands in logarithmic relation to the actual value.

Beside PAGE-climb further factors into the assortment are included, then for instance the occurrence of the search words in the document title or in headings is rated. The moreover one the use of the terms than anchor text in referring documents plays a large role. The latter is abused with Google bombs.

The accurate function mode of the side assortment is Googles trade secret, not least, in order to make manipulations more difficult by Website operators, that would like to bring the own Site upward for certain terms on the result pages as far as possible. The search machine optimization concerns itself with methods to reach this.

Index size

For establishment of an enterprise 1998 started Google with an index of 25 million web page Internet archives CoPy OF Google.com. To June 2005 this number grew 1 billion Usenet message, 6,600 catalogs and 4,500 intelligence sources on 8.058.044.65 1 web page, 1.187.630.000 pictures.

• January 1998:25.000 .000
• August 2000: 1.060.000.000
• January 2002: 2.073.000.000
• February 2003: 3.083.000.000
• September 2004:4.285 .000.000
• November 2004: 8.058.044.65 1
• June 2005: 8.058.044.65 1

Advertisement, financing

 http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/72201 

Google Inc. a commercial enterprise with head office is in the California Mountain View. It employed at the end of of September 2005 of approximately 5,000 coworkers. In the year 2004 Google carried out its long expected stock exchange course (IPO). Google has a dominating the market portion of all retrieval queries in the Internet (conditions 2005).

AdWords

Google sells a fading in for arbitrary search words more gesponserter left in the context of its Google AdWords program. This pure text advertisement is optically particularly emphasized, so that the user can differentiate it from the actual search results. In this way advertisement is indicated, which fits contentwise the retrieval query and brings thus the recruiting AdWords customer together with the user clientele, which is interested in its products and services with higher probability. The customer puts the remuneration per clicks even firmly, whereby a higher remuneration obtains a higher position in relation to competitive announcements.

AdSense

Additionally profit results to AdSense from the Google "„"“- partner program; this is context depending advertisement, which Web master on their web pages can merge. Concerning this also graphic advertising banners in four standard sizes can be platziert since May 2004. Since the customers know June 2005 over "„the Site Targeting "“in addition purposefully at certain sides to recruit, static and animated advertising banners to use and these over the number of the calls to pay. So far was only one payment per clicks possible.

Search services for portals

Googles search technology will also to Internet portals licensed, in order to be able to offer a Web search there, without users would have to leave the portal.

Google Appliance

With the Google Appliance Google sells its search technology at companies, which would like to use her in the own Intranet. With the Appliance concerns it a server also before-installed software, which in the company-owned net the same task transfers, which carries Google out for the World Wide Web. Documents are reproached in the index and answered retrieval queries.

Articles in category "Google [2 / 6]"

We found here 25 articles.

Related Websites

We found here 6 related websites.

• Google
  Enables users to search the Web, Usenet, and images. Features include PageRank, caching and translation...


• Google Earth
  Offers maps and satellite images for complex or pinpointed regional searches.


• Google Groups
  Enables users to search and browse the Usenet archives which consist of over 700 million messages,...


• Google Maps
  Provides directions, interactive maps, and satellite/aerial imagery of the United States. Can also...


• Google News
  Aggregated headlines and a search engine of many of the world's news sources.


• Google Talk
  Convenience: Your Gmail contacts are pre-loaded into Google Talk so inviting or ... Google Talk is in beta and requires a Gmail username and password. ...